Chamomile Ext 98% Apigenin
Apigenin, a naturally occurring flavonoid found in parsley, chamomile, celery, and other plant-based foods, has emerged as a promising compound for promoting longevity through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and senotherapeutic actions. It exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, largely through inhibition of NF-κB and activation of the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway.5–7 Apigenin has also been shown to downregulate CD38, an enzyme that depletes NAD⁺, a critical cofactor for sirtuin activity and mitochondrial function, which in turn preserves NAD⁺ levels and supports healthy aging. Additionally, apigenin may induce apoptosis in senescent cells and modulate cell cycle regulators such as p53 and p21, suggesting senolytic or senostatic potential.8
Alpha-ketoglutarate
Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a key intermediate in the Krebs (Tricarboxylic Acid) cycle, has garnered significant interest for its role in promoting longevity and extending healthspan through metabolic, epigenetic, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. As a central metabolite, AKG supports cellular energy production and amino acid metabolism, but recent studies reveal broader anti-aging functions.9 AKG acts as a cofactor for dioxygenases involved in DNA and histone demethylation, thereby influencing gene expression patterns associated with cellular aging and rejuvenation.10 Supplementation with AKG has been shown to extend lifespan and compress morbidity, primarily by reducing systemic inflammation and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α. AKG also helps maintain stem cell function and mitochondrial health while reducing oxidative stress, which are critical for tissue regeneration and metabolic resilience during aging.11
Fisetin
Fisetin is a natural flavonoid that is found in strawberries, cucumbers, apples, onions, and more. It supports longevity through two mechanisms: senolytic activity and direct epigenetic regulation. Fisetin clears senescent cells, which are aging cells that can no longer divide, accumulate in the body, and contribute to age-related diseases.12 Fisetin modulates epigenetic pathways by activating sirtuin genes which are a type of histone deacetylases (HDACs). This activation enhances DNA repair, maintains chromatin stability, and optimizes cellular metabolism, all crucial for healthy aging.13
Quercetin
Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonol found in many fruits and vegetables, has been shown to support longevity through its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and senolytic properties. Research indicates that quercetin reduces oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species and upregulating endogenous antioxidant defenses such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase.14 Additionally, quercetin modulates key signaling pathways involved in aging, including AMPK and SIRT1, promoting mitochondrial function and metabolic health. Importantly, quercetin has senolytic effects, selectively eliminating senescent cells that accumulate with age and drive chronic inflammation.15–17
Spermidine
Spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine found in foods like wheat germ, soybeans, and aged cheese, has been shown to promote longevity by enhancing autophagy, improving mitochondrial function, and modulating cellular aging pathways. One of its primary mechanisms involves the activation of autophagy, a cellular recycling process essential for removing damaged organelles and proteins.18 Spermidine also supports mitochondrial regeneration and metabolic function by influencing SIRT1 signaling, which is closely linked to lifespan extension and age-related disease resistance.19,20 Studies have demonstrated that dietary spermidine extends lifespan in model organisms such as mice, flies, and yeast, with human epidemiological data suggesting that higher spermidine intake correlates with reduced all-cause mortality.21
Uridine 5′-monophosphate
Uridine 5′-monophosphate (UMP), a nucleotide found naturally in breast milk and certain foods, plays a vital role in brain health, mitochondrial function, and cellular membrane synthesis, factors that collectively support longevity. UMP serves as a precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, which is essential for maintaining neuronal membrane integrity and synaptic function. In aging models, UMP supplementation has been shown to enhance synaptic formation, improve cognitive performance, and potentially delay neurodegeneration.22 Additionally, uridine contributes to mitochondrial health and supports energy metabolism, thereby promoting cellular resilience under metabolic stress.23
Ergothioneine
Ergothioneine is a unique sulfur-containing amino acid derivative predominantly found in mushrooms and certain bacteria, and it has garnered increasing attention for its potential role in promoting longevity and healthy aging. Unlike many antioxidants, ergothioneine is actively transported into cells via the OCTN1 (SLC22A4) transporter, where it accumulates in mitochondria and tissues vulnerable to oxidative damage, such as the brain, liver, and heart.24 Ergothioneine acts as a potent cellular protectant by neutralizing reactive oxygen species, preserving mitochondrial function, and reducing chronic inflammation through sirtuin (SIRT1 and SIRT6) signaling.25 Due to its ability to alleviate oxidative stress, it has been shown to mitigate telomere shortening, another key component of aging.26
Forskolin
Forskolin, a bioactive compound derived from the root of Coleus forskohlii, supports longevity and metabolic health primarily through its ability to activate adenylate cyclase, thereby increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, a key second messenger involved in cellular energy regulation, mitochondrial regeneration, and gene expression. Elevated cAMP signaling has been linked to enhanced lipolysis, improved insulin sensitivity, and activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which in turn modulates critical longevity-associated pathways such as AMPK and CREB.27 Forskolin has been shown to promote mitochondrial function and protect against oxidative stress, suggesting its potential role in mitigating age-related metabolic and energy dysfunction.28 Additionally, forskolin may be protective against glaucoma, likely through its antioxidant effects.29
ButyraGen™
ButyraGen™ is a proprietary form of tributyrin, which is a precursor to butyrate. Butyrate is a short-chain fatty acid crucial for gut health, metabolic regulation, and systemic inflammation control, all of which are central to healthy aging and longevity. Butyrate supports intestinal barrier integrity by enhancing tight junction proteins and promoting mucin production, thereby reducing endotoxemia and chronic low-grade inflammation, key drivers of age-related diseases. It also serves as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, modulating gene expression to favor anti-inflammatory and antioxidant responses, as well as modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity and prevent spatial memory deficits in animal models. This mechanism helps to counteract age-related declines in histone acetylation observed in the brain and mitigates neurodegenerative processes, as evidenced by improved cognitive function and reduced neuropathology in models of Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, butyrate has been shown to activate AMPK and improve mitochondrial efficiency, offering metabolic and cognitive benefits that support longevity.30–33
L-Leucine
L-Leucine, a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), plays a pivotal role in promoting muscle maintenance, metabolic health, and cellular repair; key factors in healthy aging and longevity. It is a primary activator of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a signaling pathway that stimulates muscle protein synthesis and supports tissue regeneration. While chronic mTOR overactivation may be linked to aging, intermittent or targeted activation, such as through leucine supplementation, can help prevent sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss), preserve functional independence, and improve metabolic flexibility in aging populations. Studies have shown that leucine-rich diets or supplements can improve muscle mass and strength in elderly individuals, even in the absence of increased total protein intake.34,35 Leucine also supports mitochondrial regeneration via its interplay with insulin signaling and PGC-1α activation, contributing to improved energy metabolism and reduced oxidative stress.36,37